Nosebleed: causes of occurrence, how to provide first aid
Nosebleed: causes of occurrence, how to provide first aid
авг 05, 2024

In humans nosebleed occurs quite often. It is possible due to various reasons. It is not considered a serious threat to health. But if blood flows out of the nose often and abundantly, this indicates serious vascular problems or severe diseases.

This symptom is due to the anatomical features of the vessels of the mucous membrane lining the nose from the inside. In the anterior part of the nasal passages and in the area of the septum there is a rich a network of capillaries, which makes the mucosa vulnerable to various damages. Blood vessels are located close to the surface and are easily damaged. When the bleeding does not stop for more than twenty minutes, you need to go to the doctor.

Reasons

This pathological symptom often appears in people in the heat, due to a sharp drop in atmospheric pressure and excessive physical activity. There are also such causes of bleeding:

  • Injuries. Bumps and falls cause damage to the vessels of the nasal cavity.
  • Dry air. Dryness contributes to drying out and the appearance of cracks on the nasal mucosa.
  • Allergic reactions. Allergies cause inflammation and irritation of tissues. This increases the risk of bleeding.
  • Anatomical features. Some people have a curvature of the nasal septum, which predisposes to capillary fragility.
  • Somatic pathologies. Hypertension, clotting disorders, and thrombocytopenia increase the risk of vascular damage.
  • Medicines. Anticoagulants and NSAIDs increase the likelihood of blood loss.
  • Infections. Viruses and bacteria cause inflammatory changes in the mucous membrane and fragility of capillaries.
  • Tumors. The presence of benign or malignant neoplasms in the nasal cavity leads to high vascular fragility.
  • Alcohol. Ethanol dilates capillaries and increases the likelihood of bleeding.

If the patient has frequent or intense nosebleeds, especially in combination with other symptoms, it is worth conducting an examination to identify the cause, as well as prescribing therapy.

How to help the victim

Doctors give the following recommendations for providing pre-medical care in case of bleeding:

  1. Calm the victim down. Excitement increases the release of blood. Make sure that the person is in a calm state.
  2. Put the man down. Ask the victim to sit down and tilt his head slightly forward. This will prevent blood from entering the throat and reduce the risk of aspiration. You should not go to bed, as this will increase the pressure in the vessels of the nose, which will increase the symptom.
  3. Squeeze your nose. Ask the victim to pinch the nostrils with his fingers and hold for ten minutes.
  4. Cold. Apply a cold compress to the bridge of your nose. This will narrow the blood vessels and reduce blood flow.
  5. Tamponade. Nasal tampons are made from hemostatic napkin "EversLife-Hemo". This method quickly stops capillary bleeding.

When the blood does not stop flowing, a lot of it flows out, and other serious symptoms (dizziness, weakness) are noted, it is necessary to consult a doctor.

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